
As promised I will explain why so many different versions of flour are necessary. I shall list the flours that I have in the cupboard and then give as many possible uses as I can for each.
Wheat FloursPlain WhiteThis is the stock standard that is in the supermarket. This is just endosperm from the wheat grain. Protein content about 9.5 - 10.5%. Use this in your Roux for making a gravy or in buttermilk muffins or pancakes and adding a little bicarb. Not really very intesting.
Self Raising WhiteThis is exactly the same as plainwhite but with a bit of baking powder (and possibly some "numbered" additives) added to make it go up when you bake with it. The baking powder is basically bicarb and phosphate aerator (apparently...). What I think the phosphate aerator does is add a little acidity to the flour which together with the bicarb gives off some CO2 and therefore makes bubble which expand when heated, causing the baked good to rise. You may note that buttermilk pancakes etc just need a little bicarb as the buttermilk contributes the acidity. Some people think that you can taste the selfraising agents in the final product and I tend to agree. YMMV. This is probably the most popular flour (not because everybody goes down the supermarket aisle and sees it and says to themselves "I must gt me some of that!" but because it appears in most recipes).
At the moment, I have White wings organic SRW. Personally, I tend to prefer my food produced with as many chemicals as needed to keep pests off my food and make the grain grow big and strong but on this occasion I made an exception, it was on special and thus, cheaper than nonorganic.
Plain WholemealSame as plain white but for those trying to be healthy with a little bit of roughage. Wholemeal flour is meant to be made by just grinding the grain and not taking anything out. Based on rumour, I think that most wholemeal is actually made by making white flour and then adding a wee bit of grain husk back in. I could be wrong though. The point is, it should be more healthy than the white as it still has husk and germ. The germ contains good proteins and nutrients, vitamins etc. This all means that Wholemeal will have a bit more fat (the good kinds, and still not much) and protein than the white flours made from the same wheat.
SR WholemealSame as Plain Wholemeal but with the same additives as SRW. Used for "healthy" versions of all the above mentioned foods except for Roux. Only use white for this. On the health front, it won't be the flour that will make your cake just a little naughty, it will be the sugar, chocolate, butter and icing that make it less than a healthy all round meal.
All these flours are what we might use for regular home cooking in the early 21st century. The main difference between these and the flours I am about to mention is the protein content. As a general rule and all else being equal, the higher the protein, the denser and chewier the product. Use the above flours to make light scones and biscuits (biscuits and cookies for my american readers). Large commercial bakeries will also use these low protein flours for bread (they are cheaper) but will add various improving agents to the mix. But for home bread making, these flours are totally inadequate. What we need is higher protein.
That is probably more than you wanted to know about the flour you probably all have in your cupboard. For the next exciting installment, I will begin the specialised flours. I know I can't wait!